英语四六级阅读干货

英语四六级阅读干货

四六级考试里有这样一句江湖传言:得听力阅读者得天下。坊间流传,总有三分可信。

英语四六级阅读只掌握词汇还是不够的,关键要学会分析句子成分,掌握各个句子之前的逻辑关系,这样才能顺利的理解文章的意思。下面是英语四六级阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系,把握了它们就等于掌握了英语四六级阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。下面我们来看看英语四六级阅读中常见四种逻辑关系的解析。

1 因果关系

因:because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with

果:so、so that、therefore、thereby(adv. 因此,从而)、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly

因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

隐性因果:

A 导致(因-果):cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render(使的)、make、let、ask、push、stimulate(v. 促进,激发(某事物);激发,鼓励;使(身体,生物系统)兴奋,刺激;起刺激作用)、fuel、produce

B 由…而来(果-因)起源于:result from、derive from、originate from、initiate( v. 开始实施,发起;使了解)from、stem from、be attributable to

C 反映,体现(果-因):reflect、present、demonstrate(v. 证明;示范,演示;表露;游行,示威)、suggest、imply

D 考虑到:given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to

E 依赖于:rely on、depend on、resort to

F 条件关系:when、once、as soon as、As long as

G 分词短语,不定式做状语:Failing in the final exam, she cried.

2 对比转折关系

A 对比:while、whereas(conj. (表示对比)但是,然而;鉴于)、on the other hand

在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand 前必定有 on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系。

B 转折:but、although、nevertheless、however

转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。

3 比较关系

A 同级比较: the same to

B 比较级:more than、-er than

C 变化:change、alter、vary、modify(v. 修改,改进;修饰,限定;缓和,使温和;使改形,使转化;变(音))、revise(v. 改变,修正;修改,修订,温习,复习)、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish(v. 减弱,降低,减少;贬低,轻视)、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreatv. (军队)撤退;后退,离开;(水、雪或土地)范围缩小;隐退,躲避;悔棋;改变意见、degenerate(v. 恶化,堕落,退化)、continue、remain

D 差异:different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to

E 超越:surpass、exceed(v. 超过,超出;超越(限制);优于,胜过)、excel(v. 精通,擅长;超过,胜过)、over

F 最高级,本身有最高级含义:maximum、minimum、peak(v. 达到高峰,达到最大值;消瘦,衰弱,精神萎靡)、outstanding

G 本身程度比较深:amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively(adv. 禁止地;过高地;过分地)

H 否定+比较=最高级: No one is more outstanding than him.

从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。

4 否定关系

显性否定:no、not、never、nor、none neither

隐形否定:fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、absence of、lack of

否定前缀:a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-

双重否定:not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable

题型分析:

1 选词填空

Tips:词性;排除法;必要的放弃

此题放在 100 分分值算是 5 分,每空 0.5 分。因此,考试时建议大家不要放过多的时间在这一块,必要时要有所放弃。

♥ 首先,对每一个选项的单词标明词性,这是很重要的一步,大大减少了我们在每一个空选词时的考虑范围。

♥ 其次,使用排除法。先填有把握的空,再考虑其他不确定选项。备考时,除了储备单词,可以多做填词练习。

推荐:网站 vocabulary.com。

这是一个查单词用法的网站,相当于一个在线英英词典。

能查到单词的不同释义的使用方法。

2 段落匹配

Tips:关键词;限时训练;大量练习

此题放在 100 分分值算是 10 分,每空 1 分。高分目标:10 分。

其实此项在四六级阅读中是最简单的,只要我们掌握一定技巧,就可以轻松拿满分。

♥ 首先,浏览选项题干,划出关键词。

有这样一个小诀窍,先注意名词词性的单词,尤其是数字,地名,人名。

不要过多注意动词,动词性质的关键词在原文中常常是以其近义词出现的,不利于准确定位。

♥ 然后,在原文寻找所画关键词所出现的段落,根据句意判断匹配与否。

备考阶段时,要多做限时训练,提高自己的检索与匹配能力。

3 仔细阅读

Tips:关键词;大量训练;临场判断

此题放在 100 分分值算是 10 分,每空 2 分。

这个题型对大家来说都比较熟悉和易于把控,但由于它的高分值,我们还是要加一些装备保自己万无一失。

♥ 首先,仍然是找关键词和定位法。

♥ 其次,还是大量的限时训练。但是考试的时候,总会碰到有些题,用了排除法后感觉两个选项都有点像,这个时候该怎么破~有个小诀窍:选项和原文关键信息上下文相似度最高的,正确的几率也更大(当然这是针对那些看不懂选项或原文关键信息的娃,大神请绕道)

英语四级考试阅读部分经常出现询问文章主旨的题目,让很多考生难以选择。所谓主旨,即文章主题思想(the Main Idea)。也称作中心思想,是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容,也是作者自始自终要说明的问题。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想,体现了读者总结、概括和归纳事物的能力。把握了主题思想也有助于对文中。因此,可以说,找出主题思想是一项最重要的阅读技能。

一、抓主题思想。我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

例一:

Directions: Choose the most general word.

(A) chemist (B) physicist

(C) scientist (D) biologist

该问题要求找出最有概括性的词。(C) scientist 符合题意,因为它包含了chemist, physicist和biologist,而(A),(B)和(D)都指某一具体学科的科学家,不能概括其它的词。因此,scientist最有概括性。

例二:

Directions: Choose the most general sentence.

(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.

(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.

(C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.

(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.

(A), (C),(D)都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况,相互间并无联系。而(B)却概括了(A),(C)和(D)的共性的东西,即:为什么旅客住在这家旅馆 里有宾至如归的感觉。因此,(B)符合题意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A),(B),(C),(D)几条信息,那末,(B)就是该段中心思想。由于同 样的道理,如果在一篇文章中,作者分段叙述几方面的内容,那末,这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。

例三:

Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.

2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority during burglaries...

3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?

(B) Is Your Family Safe?

(C) Should You Arm Yourself Against Crime?

第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者),第二段中提到了入室行窃,但是这三段说明的共同问题是人们是否应拥有自己的武器来反对犯罪行为。因此只有选择(C)才能概括这三段所共同说明的问题,也就是此文的中心思想。

二、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容。面不能太窄,即:不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽,即:包含了文中没有阐述的内容。

例四:

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best central thought

Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

(A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.

(B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great industry without government help.

(C) Hawaiian sugar growers have set up their own research organization and have shared improvements.

(D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

(A),(B)和(C)项只是文中提到的各项具体内容,作为主题思想面太窄了,只有(D)项才概括了全文要说明的问题,因此,(D)是该文的主题思想。

要求抓主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题,因为短文的标题常常也体现它所围绕的主题或讨论的中心。因此,为短文选择标题实际上也反映了对主题思想的掌握。

例五:

Directions: Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.

There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.

(A) Economic Principles

(B) Law of Supply and Demand

(C) More Goods, Lower Prices

(D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices

该问题中,(A)泛指经济规律,面过宽;(C)和(D)只是供需规则的二个单独的方面不能包含全部,面太窄。正确的答案是(B),因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题。

例六:

Directions: Read the following passage and select the most appropriate title:

According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods.

(A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks

(B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus

(C) Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks

(D) Religions of the Past

该问题中,(B)项只是文中提到的一项具体内容,作为主题思想面太窄了。(C)和(D)项泛指,面太宽。只有(A)项才概括了全文要说明的问题,是全文的主题。

三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句(Topic Sentence)表达。主题句常常位于段首或段尾处,间或出现在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中,我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。

例七:

English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English

本段主题句为首句,其后的内容均说明首句。

例八:

Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time

本段中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

例九:

For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

本段主题句为第二句,因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法,并在本文中进一步作了说明。

然而,我们也常常发现,有的主题思想并非直接由一、二个句子表述,而是在文中间接暗示着。这就需要读者根据文中细节进行概括与归纳,找出主题思想。

例十:

It's no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective Service. Since October of 1948, some six million young men have been examined for military duty. Of these, more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military service. To get two men today, the United States Army must call seven men. Of the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problems. To get the 196 thousand additional men we needed for Berlin, the government had to call up 750 thousand men. And the rejection rate is increasing each year. The reason for this problem is that we are under exercised as a nation. We look, instead of play. We ride, instead of walk. The way we live prevents us from being healthy.

本段中找不到某一句作为主 题。根据文中的内容进行归纳,可找出主题思想,即:“The military's rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nation's lack of exercise is leading to poor health.”

在确定一篇文章的中心思想时,我们通常用快读的方法,从头至尾将全文浏览一遍,注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连贯意思上来理解进行阐述的、有关这个主题我们了解了什么。这样,就可以比较有把握地概括出中心思想了。

在阅读理解测试中,常常用于检查对主题思想的掌握的问题有:

1. The main (central, principal) idea of this passage is __________________ .

2. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as __________________.

3. The main theme (topic) of the passage is __________________ .

4. The passage is mainly about __________________ .

5. This passage deals mainly (primarily) with __________________ .

6. The author's purpose in writing this passage is __________________ .

7. The main purpose of the passage is __________________ .

8. The best (most appropriate) title of (for) this passage is __________________ .

9. What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?

10. What is the subject of this passage?

11. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

12. Which of the following best sums up the main idea of the whole passage?


一、Section A解题技巧

建议大家在平时的阅读练习中进行全文快速浏览,尝试自己提炼和总结文章主旨。经过一段时间的练习,考试中必然能快速了解整篇文章大意,方便选出正确答案。

1.将15个待选词按照词性分类,目前四级只考名词、动词、形容词、副词,名词前

写n,动词前写v,形容词写adj,副词写adv;

2.确定词性后,通读全文,理解基本主题即可,各段第一句是关键;

3.根据语法判断文中空缺处需要什么词性的单词,进行词性筛选,再去后面的单词中

找同一词类的选项,选出正确答案。

二、Section B解题技巧

1.通读全文,理解基本主题即可;

2.寻找文章各段落主题句,标出关键词,各段第一句是关键;

3.通读各个选项并标记其关键词,与文章各段落主题句一一对应

4.为了更有效率,你得把问题主干找出来,例如: The way research is carried out

in universities has changed as a result of globalization.主干(主语谓语宾语)

是“the way has changed”。这样你可以快速知道题意,当你找到关键词后,再把这

些修饰词与段落的句子一一对应,从而百分百确定答案。

三、Section C解题技巧

1.通读全文,理解基本主题即可;

2.标记问题中的关键词,在这个关键词下面划线;

3.将关键词代入到文章中,寻找答案句;

下面按照题型分类讨论(以下引用新东方在线的总结,确实很实用):

3.1 细节题

细节题的特征:

1、题干出现文中具体的人、概念、时间等;

2、题干重现文中某句的信息;

3、直接问某句、某词或短语的意思。

细节题的解题原则:

1.局限定位:在做题时一定要找准题干定位词,定位至句找出答案。

2.三句原则:如果在定位句中找不出答案,在定位句前后找找,一般答案不会出

这三句。

3.正选优先:识别正确选项特征。也就是优先选择原文中能找到原句的答案。好

多学生看到这种说法可能会比较迷茫,下面我们一起来看一下英语四级仔细阅读正确选

项及错误选项的特征。

细节题正确选项的特征:

 对应:选项对应自文中某句的信息,不含推理、无凭空臆想、忌照搬常识。

  改写:选项进行同义改写,没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换、句式变

换、合理概括归纳。

细节题错误选项的特征:

 对应错误:选项文章未提及或文章提及,但答非所问。

  改写错误:选项与原文相反、偷换原文概念、拼凑无关信息或与原文有偏差、过于

绝对。

3.2 段落题

段落题特征如下:

1.题干问整段大意、或从整段归纳及推理;

2.题干只能定位至段、无法更细;

3.题干问的某信息在某段中出现多次。

段落题的解题技巧如下:

1.找出段落重点句:段落重点局一般在段首、段末或者段中出现转折的话后面一句

话,这几个地方出现有限信息的概率比较大;

2.找出段落话题词:段落话题次就是段中重现多次的词;

3.选项定位法(模糊的题):将选项带回段中定位、比对,选出最佳答案。

3.3 全文题

全文题的特征是:

题干问全文大意、全文意图、作者整体态度等,题干某信息全文分散出现多

次,出现在最后一题,且定位模糊。

全文题的解题技巧如下:

1.开篇方式定中心:根据文章的开篇方式确定文章中心。直叙型/转折型/问答型/举

例型。

2.串联各段整中心:整合各段首句、话题,根据这些内容总结出文章中心。

3.巧用别题猜中心:利用前面题目的信息推测中心。

4.正确答案靠中心:议论文主要考文章的话题、态度,说明文主要靠文章的对象、

特征。

  全文题大家比较容易过度推断或者遗漏条件,同学们在做这类提目时千万不要凭空

猜测,一定要根据原文,做到有理可依。

祝同学们顺利通过大学英语四级~

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